1. Start with identity
Most breaches we see start with a stolen password. Multi-factor authentication on email, banking and admin accounts is the single highest-value control an SME can deploy — and it usually costs nothing.
2. Know what you have
You cannot protect what you have not listed. A simple inventory of devices, cloud services and data — even a spreadsheet — turns security from guesswork into a plan.
3. Patch the boring things
Attackers rarely need advanced exploits; unpatched routers, firewalls and CMS plugins are the usual doors in. A monthly patch routine closes most of them.
4. Back up like you mean it
A backup you have never restored is a hope, not a control. Keep one copy offline or immutable, and test a restore quarterly.
5. Have a one-page plan
When an incident happens, the first hour is chaos. One page — who to call, what to isolate, who talks to customers — is worth more than a binder nobody reads.
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